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Archive for January 5th, 2010

Kenyans in the Diaspora: When does talking cross the line?

Posted by jambonewspot on January 5, 2010

By Tony Karanja

jambonewspot.com

Being a new year, I must say “hongera” to my fellow Kenyans as we have been blessed with many talents. Kenyans continue to beat the lights out of other athletes in long distance races as well as some middle races. We have not been left behind when it comes to being productive in our trades making sure that the mighty dollar remains a permanent feature in our pockets. For some of us though, there is just no sufficient way to block the leak in our pockets and this green paper always finds a way to sneak out and take a walk. We work hard and this is also evident in classes that we attend here in the diaspora. We have produced a Nobel Prize Winner, a CNN Person of the year (2007), doctors, lawyers and we even have a Kenyan in the race for California Governor in 2010. Who can forget our dear “son of Kogelo”, President Obama. See we are doing well at least on the face of it.

Some “talents” however are not to be celebrated and do not deserve accolades whatsoever and so for your information I am not going to engage in any form of deforestation (mathigi-rization)  to celebrate them Kenyan style. Even the people who met in Copenhagen wouldn’t like it. They say it has something to do with making the climate sick and making the earth hotter than they would like or something like that.

One of these talents that some of us have even transferred from home is the “long arm a.k.a mkono mrefu” talent. Some just can’t shed the “I will keep your stuff safe forever and ever for you” syndrome. I understand however that the brother to my father or mother whom we fondly refer to as Uncle Sammy, doesn’t like it and he always has a way to sniff you out. Uncle Sammy can be tough on all his nephews and nieces. Most of the time this uncle of ours seems to be taking money from us though and never brings us gifts. He enjoys my money every two weeks and he has even divided them into categories namely federal income tax, Medicare and social security tax. He never forgets that you owe him money however long you default on it. However, I am fully aware that he has the power to make your wallet a little bit heavier or even shrink it on or around April 15th. So let’s talk about the talents that the brother to my father or mother a.k.a Sammy does not bother with much. Let us just call these talents as “flapping gums” syndrome. These are the talents where even uncle Sammy sometimes gets interested in talking to you when you get into the territory of “slander” or “defamation” which in his huge books fall under the chapter “torts”. In Kenya we simply just call it “kuropokwa ovyo ovyo” and it falls under the chapter “porojo” or for those who are learned, they call it,”verbal diarrhoea”

In all seriousness, while most people go about their daily lives doing what they need to do to live their lives as normal as they would want to, a select group of people always find a way to insert themselves in their otherwise quiet lives. They come in all age groups; in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and yes 50s and 60s. You will find them everywhere. In our workplaces, social gatherings and even in churches. See, when the pastor gives his flock the good word, these gum flappers are there at the end of the service to balance it out by spreading the not-so-good word. The invade your home in the name of socialization and kukujulia hali. The statement they withhold from and which I find very important reads “This conversation is being recorded for later modification before transmission. It shall be repeated in my own words and not yours and in whichever flavor I desire.” These people become a cancer that live within us and can easily cause a breach of peace. In my quest to understand them, I will assign them the label “hackers”.

These people “hack” into other people’s lives and prey upon them and any underlying vulnerabilities. They collect information which may be clean but when it comes to disseminating the same, they twist and insert malicious bits usually with the intention of causing harm to the same folks they call “friends” and even “understudies”. I equate them at this stage of their operations to “computer viruses

The organ than exists somewhere inside your chest which you and I call the heart simply does not reside in them. These “hackers” can at will descend on a peaceful household and cause confusion and chaos usually for their entertainment and other malicious intent probably in search of what they cannot own. I choose to equate this part of their actions as “arson” and the perpetrators as “arsonists

I assume we live in the same world when I mention these things and so I am therefore proceeding with the belief that you have met these so called humans. These are people whom  those with kids might have thought that they were people they could look up to. They exist upon us and no….they do not don horns on their heads or a fiery tong-shaped tongue that rivals the scary omieri (may he rest in peace) that would warn you what you are about to get into. In contrast they come in gentlemanly ways as well as very lady like manners until they strike. I choose to label them “ma hungry tigers”

Pray dear Kenyans. What pleases others so much when they willfully and maliciously spread rumors and gossip in manners likely to make Shakespeare envy their imagination?  What incentive is there for people to poke into people’s lives as they have an EZ-Pass? How can some of us rejoice in someone else’s misery? To these people, this is the juiciest part of their undertakings yet they are never there to offer a solution. Oh…and they don’t have any mind you. They actually believe they are in some sort of self employment. They believe that if everybody was wrinkleless, then they would be no business for them. They are like a coffin maker who complains of low business because they are not getting orders for more coffins. I choose to label them as “sadists

See, if everything was fine with everyone, then they would be out of their much sought yet ill advised limelight. It is very disheartening for people who when standing in front of the larger masses, feign sainthood and then turn around and stab the very people in the back as soon as they are out of ear shot.

It is unfortunate to note that these same people will be seen on Sundays carrying large bibles which are probably the newest versions and will be full of markers highlighting which pages they were supposedly “reading”. I can guarantee you that there is no verse marked by those stickers that tells them it’s ok to be an unsolicited and UNPAID gossip columnist. They even sing the loudest in church with a unique tune and probably finish the hymn before the rest of us ati nikuwa ahead of the game. I choose to label these people “njaro-lites

Talking of idle talk, you will have a ready source for that. Somehow…just somehow, they have a price list for every outfit you wear or they will always let you know they have one just like  that. They will critique  anyone’s mode of dressing. I call these people “quack fashionistas.” They sadly will not acknowledge that they missed the short bus to the new millennium fashion but they will gladly be yapping at the bus stop. These “hackers” somehow “know” everything that goes on in people’s homes. They even know what the neighbors packed for their kids for lunch and which of the neighbor’s kids did not finish lunch. They somehow “know” something about someone’s wife or husband a sign that they may not be happy with their own. They even claim to know who is the jogoo that crows in their friends’ house or even in houses of those who are not their friends but have been unfortunate to cross their paths.

These gossip columnists wonnabes will be the first ones to  list other people’s “sexual exploits”, strings of partners and all the useless stuff they have been compiling. Our question to them should be which side of the bed they were when they witnessed this. They “happen” to know of a wife or a husband that you have never had. You probably don’t know how a marriage certificate looks like but yet these wajuajis somehow had an epiphany and decided to bless you with one. They “know” that the couple who did a pre-wedding recently bought their house using the pre-wedding money. These Aunt Cleos “know” that a marriage won’t last and even have a timeline for it. They might even claim to have been midwives in the event you have created some  new life somewhere and actually conducted DNA tests on that particular imaginary birth date or they were recording the time of conception. You would even think they were invited to this event which is only a figment of their imagination. They will claim to know a certain woman who is not getting babies , yet these debes do not volunteer to be surrogate mothers. If I was any of these women I would not even accept at the risk of the baby coming out like them. If these people honestly had a meter on their mouths, they would have been written off by their life insurance companies a long time ago. In fact if they went to seek insurance right now and they show their mouth-o-meters, the insurance companies would rule them as having pre-existing conditions hence very high premiums. You might actually think these guys will come up with some application that we can all download to our mobairos and we can get their mucenes right there. They work so hard at disseminating useless information which would make you think they get paid per word. I have some free advice. Seek employment with a gossip tabloid or something. At least the gossip editors get paid. Why waste your words when you can get paid somewhere else. Oh….by the way, they usually have some form of proof so your stories might never make it to the front page.

These people even laugh at the sick. I have no problem acknowledging that my car is in serious need of some crutches and can be seen limping from one light to the other. I also realize that I might sometimes be in a serious green paper shortfall that I don’t have enough to feed my car it’s kanywaji but don’t go broadcasting it to my peeps. Yes, sometimes I will feed my car just the little I have. Please don’t go to your friends and say “uliona aliweka gari yake mafuta ya dollar tano? Kwani where was he going? To the next gas station?” Come on folks. Why laugh at it? It gets me where I want to go. Please stay off the subject of my car. If you really care, offer to pick me up every morning in your sleek bimmer…you know the one that moves so fast that even when it is at a stop light the wheels are still moving. My wheels stop even before I get to the stop light so I may be in need of that TLC.

I must say that these people have their benefits though. These folks can talk their way out of a speeding ticket. I tell you by the time they finish pleading their case to the corporal, this true servant of the people is tired. When mheshimiwa asks for a driver’s license, our talker-in-chief has a few stories to tell on how his or her life has been a living hell for the past week. They even describe the cane they were rushing to get their grandmother whom they last saw in 1971. Mheshimiwa is in no mood to listen to the next phase of their lives and gets an excuse to get away from the torture of standing through the monologue by “suddenly” going after another offender. Now if you were the driver, they have just managed to help you escape that ticket which we all know we don’t use it to catch a bus. Here is the catch though. By the time you get to your destination, they have called all their contacts on their mobairos telling them how they have just saved your life. The conversation usually starts with something like this..”haki ya nani kama si mimi, hmmm, haka kamtu kangekuwa ndani kakikula sima na maji. Huyo polisi alikuwa amemshika mashati hata alikuwa akimtia pingu. Kulikuwa kunoma. Leo mimi nimeokoa na anafaa akiniona anatoa kofia kwa heshima. Unataka kuongea na yeye usikie?” This my friends will follow you for the rest of what is left of your life.

When I was young, folks used a common phrase “nikii andu me muhahi muingi uu” (why do people have so much idle talk)

Where do they get all this time? What do they lack in their lives that make them this spooky? I have my theories.

First, I believe they lack something within themselves that make them unhappy about other people’s seemingly settled lives. When you think lowly about yourself, then you are bound to look for something that will make you feel superior or an illusion of the same.

Second, I think they believe they have tried the best they can with their lives and their stagnation causes them to look for ways to vent. They acknowledge (unknowingly) their messed up choices and since they have to live with them, they feel it is imperative that they try to condemn others to their fate

Third, I believe they are just idle and wicked in nature.

Why can’t people take care of their homes and leave other to take care of theirs? In all honesty, if these people who gossip so much and spread malicious rumors would let us have a minor glimpse into their lives, we would actually see the reason why they spend so much time on “studying” others. There is nothing you can be proud of in their lives. The mess in their lives cannot allow them to see anyone else happy. They believe that the only reasons they would want to see your teeth is not when you are laughing, but if you are crying or your lips are short.

For those who have been on the short end of these self styled pro-bono nannies, keep your head up and keep going on and doing your thing. You will lap them while they are still trying to figure out how to tie their shoes. Just keep doing your thing for there is nothing that irks them as much as seeing you unfazed. There is a common phrase  used to describe the three types of people in this world. First, those who make things happen. The second group is those who watch things happen while the third group is those who ask “what just happened”. This last group is where these hackers, computer viruses and arsonists belong. They typically want you to join them. Give them an astounding “no thank you.”

As for those who belong to this group a.k.a porojo troupe, there is time to reform (or pretend you have reformed). Get something to keep you busy. Honestly speaking, there has to be something. If there is absolutely nothing you can think of, try watching some cartoons. Oh, they are good and there are some funny ones too. You can also make great use of your talent by maybe becoming a teacher or even helping others spread the good word. This way you will be fully engaged and having some constructive talk. Like baba would say “hata ukienda kule kule, ufanye vile vile, wewe ni ile ile tuu na utatupatata hapa hapa tuu tukifanya yale yale tuu kwa hivyo tulia hapo hapo na uwache upuuzi.” In the mean time, menyai cianyu, tutigithiei mucene.(Take care of your own stuff, stop running your mouth).

Happy new year to all of you. I am on my way to buy an asbestos or a teflon suit.

The writer is the editor of jambonmewspot.com. You can contact him at tgkaranja@jambonewspot.com

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These men’s criminal activities soured an otherwise calm Kenyan existence

Posted by jambonewspot on January 5, 2010

Godfrey Matheri (The Naivasha Vampire) was not your conventional criminal, nor was he the kind that makes it to the police list of ‘the most wanted’. He was simply ‘The Naivasha Vampire’, the man who lured women to his house, raped them, cut their veins and sucked their blood.

Godfrey Matheri (The Naivasha Vampire) was not your conventional criminal, nor was he the kind that makes it to the police list of ‘the most wanted’. He was simply ‘The Naivasha Vampire’, the man who lured women to his house, raped them, cut their veins and sucked their blood.

By  DOMINIC WABALA and FRED MUKINDA

At the height of their fight against crime in 2005, police in Kenya profiled what they referred to as members of a gang of criminals with international links across the region.

The mob was reportedly involved in bank robberies, murders, carjackings and cash-in-transit heists.

While some members of the gang are reported to have been killed in either Kenya or Tanzania, others remain at large — almost five years after they were placed on the Kenya Police’s Most Wanted list.

They include Jackson Irungu Mwangi alias Jack, Silas Mugendi Njeru alias Patrick Irungu, Godfrey Mulwa Kitheka alias Ngilu, Evans Mathyaka Mue alias Walter Musyoka Mue alias Kijana, Samuel Gitau Saitoti alias Simo, Peter Mutua Kainde and Wafula Muyela.

Another group of Kenyan criminals was arrested in Mozambique in December 2005 while reportedly planning a robbery.

The 10 were airlifted to Dar-es-Salaam under Kenyan and Tanzanian police escort aboard a Mozambican military plane before being handed over to Tanzanian authorities.

They were convicted of robbing a Moshi-based forex bureau of Tsh44 million and the National Bank of Commerce, Moshi branch of Tsh5.3 billion, and sent to the cooler in Moshi.

They include William Onyango Ndanyi alias Daddy, Jimmy Maina Njoroge, Patrick Muthee Muriithi, Simon Githinji Kariuki, David Ngugi Mburu and Michael Mbanya Wathigo.

So far, five of the Kenyans in the Moshi jail have died in what still remain mysterious circumstances.

Below are the criminal profiles of some of the men who ruled the underworld:

Samuel Gitau Saitoti

Saitoti and his gang were reported to be the masterminds of the biggest bank robberies, carjackings of four-wheel drive vehicles and the murder of police officers in the period between 2003 and 2007.

A resident of Kajiado, the tall and light-complexioned gangster was said to have hideouts in Kiserian, Nairobi, Mombasa and Nakuru.

In Kenya, he was accused of involvement in the Fort Jesus Forex Bureau heist of October 2003, the daring rescue of his accomplices from the Embu GK Prison in August 2005, the murder of two police officers during a robbery in Mombasa on December 12, 2006, an armed robbery in Njoro on January 4, 2007 and the Habib Bank, Mombasa branch robbery of January 17, 2007.

The 30-year-old matatu driver and resident of Ngong was arrested in Arusha’s posh Liro estate while in the company of an accomplice identified as Peter Michael Kimani alias Kim.

The over 100 Tanzanian police officers and military personnel who laid siege on the house recovered seven guns, hand grenades, two bullet-proof jackets and over 85 rounds of ammunition from the pair.

Simon Matheri Ikeere

Police accused him of being behind the murder of renowned international scientist and AIDS researcher Prof Joel Bwayo, who was gunned down by criminals along the Kiserian-Isinya road.

Prof Bwayo’s wife and a foreign friend were seriously injured during the incident, in which Matheri and his accomplices are reported to have taken control of part of a road during a daring robbery spree.

Since 2000, Matheri’s criminal record was the worst, only rivalled by Rasta, Wanugu and Wacucu, the trio whose hunt in the 1990s dominated media reports before they, too, died in a hail of bullets.

Matheri was accused of at least 11 murders, rapes, robberies and carjackings.

He was also implicated in the killing of an American missionary and her daughter, who were attacked in the Kinoo area of Nairobi while waiting in their car for a friend to pick them up.

Several days later, he and his gang pursued a father and son — who had witnessed a robbery by the mob — to their home and shot them in cold blood.

Former police commissioner Hussein Ali had described Matheri a “public enemy number one,” and said he wanted him dead or alive.

For almost two years, Matheri and members of his gang arrest, in spite of a sustained hunt by a special squad of police officers. News of his death was received with celebrations, especially in his hometown of Gachie, which had had enough of him.

Even before Matheri’s cruelty had spread to the rest of the country, his neighbours had raided his home and torched his house and eight others belonging to his relatives.

The villagers’ fury had been aroused by the shooting to death of two people in the area, and witnesses had identified the attacker as Matheri.

He was gunned down together with an accomplice, Muchiri, who acted as his bodyguard. His wife and child were held in police cells for several days following his death before they were released.

Godfrey Matheri (The Naivasha Vampire)

We are definitely better off without this man roaming in our midst.

The man was not your conventional criminal, nor was he the kind that makes it to the police list of ‘the most wanted’.

He was simply ‘The Naivasha Vampire’, the man who lured women to his house, raped them, cut their veins and sucked their blood.

When the story broke out, police raided his den in their droves, and found the most shocking scene they had ever witnessed.

One of Matheri’s victims had died during an orgy, and the man had dug a shallow hole inside his hovel and buried her there. How he slept with the though of a dead body beneath his bed is hard to fathom.

Residents of Kihoto in Naivasha, where he stayed in a rented mud house, lived in fear as reports circulated that he had killed a dozen other women, yet he was still at large.

His hunts were, however, cut short when police arrested him and charged him with murder.

An earth mover was sent to the sleepy slum to excavate more bodies from the hovel, but the search was futile.

The Vampire is still in jail, thank God.

Edward Maina Shimoli

Unlike Matheri — and other criminals before him, — Shimoli was arrested and jailed, then gunned down shortly after he finished his prison term.

In early 2000, police declared this man the most dangerous villain on Kenyan soil, and set up a team to hunt him down. When he was arrested a few months later, the charge sheet read like a thriller.

He was reported to have killed his brother in law and shot his wife in the back after accusing them of tipping off the police about his criminal activities.

Things were even hard on him, given his rather unimpressive prison record. The man had escaped from jail three times — including once from the dreaded Kamiti Maximum Security Prison.

During interrogation after his arrest in Gitari by Flying Squad officers attached to the Kikuyu Police Station, Shimoli confessed to several murders and rapes.

The unsuspecting police officers had initially thought they were raiding a drugs den when Shimoli, who had sent some of his accomplices for shopping, met them at the door with a wide grin.

There was nothing he could do. He had been caught pants-down, with his favourite gun lying on a coffee table — loaded for the next hunt.
Most murderous

Shimoli was one of the most murderous criminals thing country has ever seen before he met his death.

He would spare nothing, not even a life, to regain his freedom — however short. Among the victims of his romps was a police officer, who was shot dead in Uhuru Park, Nairobi by his accomplices during one of his dramatic escapes from custody at the Kenyatta National Hospital, where he was being held.

During his appearances in court, Shimoli was photographed raising the middle finger at judicial officials, and had the audacity to light a roll of bhang within the corridors of justice. That very foolish act earned him one more year in the slammer.

He was accused of 14 murders, 88 rapes, countless bank robberies, car-jackings and drug deals.

However, the state failed to prove all the charges against him, and he was jailed for 12 years for illegal possession of a firearm.

A few years later, he walked out of prison a free man, having completed his term. He had protested against his release, saying he would not survive a day outside with the police on his heels.

He was right

Less than two months after his release, his body was found at the City Mortuary — with a bullet in the head.

It later emerged he had been gunned down in Ruai, in the outskirts of the city, three days earlier.

Peter Kimani Mungai

He was put on the police ‘Most Wanted’ list alongside nine other suspected criminals. However, despite being arrested and charged with various offences — among them robbery with violence, murder, cash-in-transit heists and rape — Kiragita (his nickname) managed to get out of prison on what police described as flimsy technicalities.

He was later arrested by Special Crime Prevention Unit detectives alongside a Charles Kimani and a former Administration Police officer, John Kamau Karuga, at a hideout in Kawangware.

He was described as a dangerous carjacker, involved in the May 24, 2004 daring daylight robbery at the Bank of Baroda in which Sh7.4 million was snatched.

Police insisted he was part of an 11-man gang that attempted to hijack a cash-in-transit van on its way from Nanyuki to Nairobi. Although four of his accomplices were arrested, Kiragita and six others managed to escape, but were traced through a concubine to Nairobi’s Kayole estate.

The female accomplice also led detectives to another wanted gangster, Thomas Gitau alias ‘Wamatumbo’.

Kiragita and his accomplices were also wanted for the cold-blooded murder of the then Officer Commanding Scenes of Crime, Apollo Jakait, who was shot dead in Ongata Rongai while driving home.

After his release from prison on June 20, 2004, Kiragita was shot dead by police at Industrial Area on May 20, 2005 during a robbery. He was in full police uniform at the time of his death.

He and his three accomplices had accosted a businessman, identified as Rajan Gautama, at the Entreprise Road/ Dar-es-Salaam Road junction, forced their way into his car and shot and injured him before robbing him of jewellery, a mobile phone and money. Police recovered three rifles, a pistol and 20 rounds of ammunition.

Godfrey Mulwa Kitheka

A native of Mutitu wa Ndooa in Kitui, the stout, dark-complexioned man who had hideouts in Mombasa, Nairobi’s Kayole and Umoja estates, Machakos and Mutito was implicated in a January 21, 2007 robbery in Machakos and another on the next day in Kitui, apart from the Mombasa Habib Bank robbery, the Njoro robbery, the Embu GK Prison rescue and the murder of two police officers in Mombasa.

Source: Daily NATION

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Mobile call hackers force rethink of security codes

Posted by jambonewspot on January 5, 2010

A Safaricom client uses a solar-charged mobile phone handset at a retail centre in Kenya's capital Nairobi. Kenyan mobile service providers are grappling with a new year’s challenge that could see over a decade’s work in building expensive networks compromised. FILE

A Safaricom client uses a solar-charged mobile phone handset at a retail centre in Kenya's capital Nairobi. Kenyan mobile service providers are grappling with a new year’s challenge that could see over a decade’s work in building expensive networks compromised. FILE

By Kui Kinyanjui

Kenyan mobile service providers are grappling with a new year’s challenge that could see over a decade’s work in building expensive networks compromised.

They are mulling the implications of last week’s discovery by a group of hackers of a new, cheap and easy method of intercepting calls on mobile networks.

The development, made public last week at a hackers conference in Berlin, exposes the calls of over three billion mobile phone subscribers around the world to interception and could mean that mobile operators would be forced to overhaul their networks to protect the integrity of their subscribers’ calls.

Network revamp

A network revamp would mean a reconfiguration of 80 per cent of the base stations in use in Kenya, an unanticipated cost factor that would challenge the sector.

Calls made on 3G phones are protected by a more secure code and would not be affected by the development.

Safaricom —which commands 78 per cent of Kenya’s 17 million subscriber market — said it was examining its options but would be looking to the world’s GSM standards body, the GSM Association (GSMA), for direction, in line with other operators around the world.

The firm and its rivals in the market spent billions last year expanding networks. The GSMA has, however, down played the threat, saying it is confident about the capabilities of its code, developed 21 years ago.

“A hacker would need a radio receiver system and the signal processing software necessary to process the raw radio data. The complex knowledge required to develop such software is subject to intellectual property rights, making it difficult to turn into a commercial product,” said the association in a statement on the recent developments. A similar breach forced the association to compel GSM operators in Africa to upgrade their security systems by using a stronger form of encryption in 2004. Local operators will be keen to monitor the situation which could translate to an increase in operational costs. As most operators are already operating on slimmer profit margins due to rising competition and the soaring cost of energy, the development would put a dent in profits in the coming year.

Mr Karsten Nohl, a German encryption expert, last week cracked the code that protects mobile calls from being overheard using simple radio receivers.“This vulnerability should have been fixed 15 years ago. People should now try it out at home and see how vulnerable their calls are,” he told a Berlin conference. Mr Nohl has since published his findings on the web, where they are freely available for anyone to download and implement if they buy a simple receiver which costs Sh75,000. The move is significant as it lowers the entry barrier for hackers, who prior to the development would have had to have extensive technical knowledge before intercepting calls.

GSM networks

Mr Nohl said he hoped to demonstrate the weaknesses of the security measures protecting GSM networks and to push mobile operators to improve their systems. GSM networks use encryption technology to make it difficult for criminals to intercept and eavesdrop on calls. On most GSM networks, the communications link between the handset and the radio base station uses a set frequency, or privacy algorithm known as A5/1. The GSMA said over the past few years, a number of academic papers have been published spelling out, how in theory the A5/1 algorithm could be compromised.

But none has led to a practical attack capability that can be used on live commercial GSM networks.

Mobile networks are today typically configured to optimise call set-up times, capacity and other aspects related to operational efficiency.

“Mobile operators could, if it ever proved necessary, quickly alter these configurations to make the interception and deciphering of calls considerably harder,” said the GSMA.

Moreover, intercepting a mobile call is likely to constitute a criminal offence in most jurisdictions.

The GSMA said the mobile industry was committed to maintaining the integrity of GSM services and the protection and privacy of customer communications is at the forefront of operators’ concerns.

“The GSMA has been working to further enhance privacy protection on GSM networks and has developed a new high-strength algorithm, A5/3.

Over the past decade, export control agencies have removed many of the traditional barriers to the sale of cryptographic technologies enabling the development and use of A5/3. This new privacy algorithm is being phased in to replace A5/1,” it said.

Source: Business Daily

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